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Toolset reference manual

May 1995
INMOS document number: 72-TDS-487-00
458 Pages

© SGS-Thomson 1995.

About this manual

frontcover 72-TDS-487-00

This manual is the Toolset Reference Manual and it is designed to cover the following products:

  • ST20 toolset;
  • ANSI C toolset;
  • occam 2 toolset;

for the following hosts:

  • IBM 386 PC compatible running MS-DOS
  • Sun 4 systems running SunOS or Solaris.

This manual provides reference material for each tool in the toolsets including command line options, syntax and error messages. Many of the tools in the toolset are generic to several toolset products e.g. the ST20 toolset, the ANSI C toolset and the occam 2 toolset and the documentation reflects this. Examples are given in C. The appendices provide details of toolset conventions, processor types, the ANSI C assembler, memory configuration files and the configuration languages.

A list of the tools supported by your particular toolset is given in the 'User Guide' which accompanies your toolset. References in the documentation to tools, languages or processor targets which do not apply to your toolset, should be ignored.

Contents

	Contents overview
	Preface
		About this manual
		About the toolset documentation set
		Other documents
		Documentation conventions

Tools

	1	icc - ANSI C compiler
		1.1	Introduction
		1.2	Running the compiler
			1.2.1	Input/output files
			1.2.2	Transputer targets
			1.2.3	Error modes
			1.2.4	Default command line options
			1.2.5	Search paths
			1.2.6	Using the assembler
			1.2.7	Using the compiler preprocessor
			1.2.8	Compatibility with other C implementations
			1.2.9	Software quality check
			1.2.10	Runtime checking options
			1.2.11	Compactable code
		1.3	Compiling with optimization switched on
			1.3.1	Advantages of enabling optimization
			1.3.2	When optimization should not be used
			1.3.3	Optimization options
			1.3.4	Enable side effects information messages
			1.3.5	Disable side effect warning messages
			1.3.6	Language considerations
			1.3.7	How to use feedback information to improve optimized code quality
		1.4	Memory map
			1.4.1	Notes on the compiler memory map format
		1.5	Compiler directives
			1.5.1	#define
			1.5.2	#elif
			1.5.3	#else
			1.5.4	#endif
			1.5.5	#error
			1.5.6	#if
			1.5.7	#ifdef
			1.5.8	#ifndef
			1.5.9	#include
			1.5.10	#line
			1.5.11	#pragma
			1.5.12	#undef
		1.6	Compiler predefinitions
			1.6.1	Macro names
			1.6.2	Other predefines
		1.7	Transputer inline code
			1.7.1	Inlined functions
		1.8	Compiler diagnostics
			1.8.1	Message format
			1.8.2	Severities
			1.8.3	Standard terms
			1.8.4	Information messages
			1.8.5	Warning diagnostics
			1.8.6	Recoverable errors
			1.8.7	Serious errors

	2	icconf - configurer
		2.1	Introduction
		2.2	Configuration language implementation
		2.3	Running the configurer
			2.3.1	Default command line
			2.3.2	Boot from ROM options
			2.3.3	Support for INQUEST
			2.3.4	Virtual routing processes
			2.3.5	Mixed language programming
			2.3.6	Configurer library files
			2.3.7	Standard include files
			2.3.8	Configuration description examples
			2.3.9	Search paths
			2.3.10	Default memory map
			2.3.11	System processes
		2.4	Configurer messages
			2.4.1	Information
			2.4.2	Warnings
			2.4.3	Errors
			2.4.4	Serious messages
			2.4.5	Fatal errors

	3	oc - occam 2 compiler
		3.1	Introduction
		3.2	Running the compiler
			3.2.1	Default command line arguments
		3.3	Filenames
		3.4	Transputer targets
		3.5	Error modes
		3.6	Enable/Disable Error Detection
		3.7	Enabling/disabling warning messages
		3.8	Support for debugging
		3.9	Channel input/output
		3.10	Separately compiled units and libraries
		3.11	Code insertion using ASM
		3.12	Memory map
		3.13	Compiler directives
			3.13.1	Syntax of compiler directives
			3.13.2	#INCLUDE
			3.13.3	#USE
			3.13.4	#IMPORT
			3.13.5	#COMMENT
			3.13.6	#OPTION
			3.13.7	#PRAGMA
		3.14	Error messages
			3.14.1	Warnings
			3.14.2	Errors

	4	occonf - occam configurer
		4.1	Introduction
		4.2	Running the configurer
		4.3	Default command line
		4.4	Search paths
		4.5	Configurer library files
		4.6	Boot-from-ROM options
		4.7	Configuration error modes
		4.8	Enable/Disable Error Detection
		4.9	Enabling memory re-ordering and placement
		4.10	Channel input/output
		4.11	Virtual routing
		4.12	Enabling/disabling warning messages
		4.13	ASM code
		4.14	Support for INQUEST
		4.15	Default memory map
			4.15.1	LoadStart
			4.15.2	System processes
			4.15.3	Configuration description examples
		4.16	Configurer diagnostics
			4.16.1	Warning messages
			4.16.2	Error messages

	5	icollect - code collector
		5.1	Introduction
		5.2	Running the code collector
			5.2.1	Examples of use
			5.2.2	Default command line
			5.2.3	Input files
			5.2.4	Output files
		5.3	Program interface for occam unconfigured programs
			5.3.1	Interface used for 'T' option
			5.3.2	Interface used for 'T' and 'M' options
		5.4	Memory allocation for unconfigured programs
			5.4.1	C programs
			5.4.2	occam programs
			5.4.3	Memory initialization errors
			5.4.4	Small values of IBOARDSIZE
		5.5	Clearing memory
		5.6	Non-bootable files created with the K option
			5.6.1	File format
		5.7	Boot-from-ROM output files
		5.8	Alternative bootstrap schemes
		5.9	The memory map file
			5.9.1	Configured program boot from link
			5.9.2	Unconfigured (single processor), boot from link
			5.9.3	Boot from ROM programs
		5.10	Reducing the amount of memory used - 'Y' option
		5.11	Error messages
			5.11.1	Warnings
			5.11.2	Serious errors
			5.11.3	Fatal errors

	6	iemit - memory interface configurer
		6.1	Introduction
		6.2	Running iemit
		6.3	Output files
		6.4	Interactive operation
			6.4.1	Page 0
			6.4.2	Page 1
			6.4.3	Page 2
			6.4.4	Page 3
			6.4.5	Page 4
			6.4.6	Page 5
			6.4.7	Page 6
		6.5	iemit error and warning messages
		6.6	Memory configuration file

	7	ieprom - ROM program convertor
		7.1	Introduction
		7.2	Prerequisites to using the ieprom tool
		7.3	Running ieprom
			7.3.1	Examples of use
		7.4	ieprom control file
		7.5	What goes into the EPROM
			7.5.1	Memory configuration data
			7.5.2	Parity registers
			7.5.3	Jump instructions
			7.5.4	Bootable file
			7.5.5	Traceback information
		7.6	ieprom output files
			7.6.1	Binary output
			7.6.2	Hex dump
			7.6.3	Intel hex format
			7.6.4	Intel extended hex format
			7.6.5	Motorola S-record format
		7.7	Block mode
			7.7.1	Memory organization
			7.7.2	When to use block mode
			7.7.3	How to use block mode
		7.8	Example control files
			7.8.1	Simple output
			7.8.2	Using block mode
		7.9	Error and warning messages

	8	ilaunch - Windows launch tool
		8.1	The Windows environment file
			8.1.1	Syntax

	9	ilibr - librarian
		9.1	Introduction
		9.2	Running the librarian
			9.2.1	Default command line
			9.2.2	Library indirect files
			9.2.3	Linked object input files
			9.2.4	Library files as input
		9.3	Library modules
			9.3.1	Selective loading
			9.3.2	How the librarian sorts the library index
		9.4	Library usage files
		9.5	Building libraries
			9.5.1	Rules for constructing libraries
			9.5.2	General hints for building libraries
			9.5.3	Optimizing libraries
		9.6	Error Messages
			9.6.1	Information messages
			9.6.2	Warning messages
			9.6.3	Serious errors
			9.6.4	Fatal errors

	10	ilink - linker
		10.1	Introduction
		10.2	Running the linker
			10.2.1	Default command line
			10.2.2	Output format
		10.3	Linker indirect files
			10.3.1	Linker indirect files supplied with the toolset
			10.3.2	Linking different versions of software after occam upgrade
		10.4	Linker directives
			10.4.1	#alias basename {aliases}
			10.4.2	#define symbolname value
			10.4.3	#include filename
			10.4.4	#mainentry symbolname
			10.4.5	#reference symbolname
			10.4.6	#section name
		10.5	Linker options
			10.5.1	Processor types
			10.5.2	Error modes - options H, S and X
			10.5.3	Extraction of library modules - option EX
			10.5.4	Display information - option I
			10.5.5	Virtual memory - option KB
			10.5.6	Main entry point - option ME
			10.5.7	Link map filename - option MO
			10.5.8	Suppress symbol table - NS
			10.5.9	Linked unit output file - O
			10.5.10	Permit unresolved references - option U
			10.5.11	Channel input/output - Y
		10.6	Selective linking of library modules
		10.7	The link map file
			10.7.1	MODULE record
			10.7.2	SECT record
			10.7.3	MAP record
			10.7.4	Value record
			10.7.5	LOCALVALUE record
		10.8	Using imakef for version control
		10.9	Error messages
			10.9.1	Warnings
			10.9.2	Errors
			10.9.3	Serious errors
			10.9.4	Embedded messages

	11	ilist - binary lister
		11.1	Introduction
		11.2	Data displays
			11.2.1	Modular displays
			11.2.2	Example displays used in this chapter
		11.3	Running the binary lister
			11.3.1	Options to use for specific file types
			11.3.2	Output device
			11.3.3	Default command line
		11.4	Specifying an output file - option O
		11.5	Symbol data - option A
			11.5.1	Specific section attributes
			11.5.2	General symbol attributes
			11.5.3	Example symbol data display
		11.6	Code listing - option C
			11.6.1	Example code listing display
		11.7	Exported names - option E
			11.7.1	Example exported names display
		11.8	Hexadecimal/ASCII dump - option H
			11.8.1	Example hex dump display
		11.9	Module data - option M
			11.9.1	Example module data display
		11.10	Library index data - option N
			11.10.1	Example library index display
		11.11	Procedural interface data - option P
			11.11.1	Example procedural data display
		11.12	Specify reference - option R
		11.13	Full listing - option T
			11.13.1	Example full data display
			11.13.2	Configuration data files
		11.14	File identification - option W
			11.14.1	Example file identification display
		11.15	External reference data - option X
			11.15.1	Example external reference data display
		11.16	Error messages
			11.16.1	Information messages
			11.16.2	Serious errors
			11.16.3	Fatal errors

	12	imakef - makefile generator
		12.1	Introduction
		12.2	How imakef works
		12.3	File extensions for use with imakef
			12.3.1	Target files
		12.4	Linker indirect files
		12.5	Library indirect and library usage files
		12.6	Running the makefile generator
			12.6.1	Example of use
			12.6.2	Specifying language mode
			12.6.3	Configuration description files
			12.6.4	Debug data
			12.6.5	Software virtual routing and channel input/output
			12.6.6	Boot-from-ROM target files
			12.6.7	Removing intermediate files
			12.6.8	Files found on ISEARCH
			12.6.9	Map file output for imap
		12.7	imakef examples
			12.7.1	C examples
			12.7.2	occam examples
			12.7.3	Mixed language program
		12.8	Format of makefiles
			12.8.1	Macros
			12.8.2	Rules
			12.8.3	Delete rule
			12.8.4	Editing the makefile
		12.9	Error messages
			12.9.1	Warnings
			12.9.2	Errors

	13	imap - memory mapper
		13.1	Introduction
		13.2	Running the map tool
			13.2.1	Source files required by imap
			13.2.2	Re-directing imap's output
		13.3	Output format
			13.3.1	imap memory map structure
			13.3.2	User processes
			13.3.3	Module memory usage
			13.3.4	Other processes
			13.3.5	Symbol table
		13.4	Example
		13.5	Error messages
			13.5.1	Serious errors
			13.5.2	Fatal errors

	14	imem450 - memory interface configurer
		14.1	Introduction
		14.2	Running the memory interface configurer
			14.2.1	Default command line
		14.3	Interactive operation
			14.3.1	Interactive commands
			14.3.2	Interactive pages
		14.4	Output files
			14.4.1	Memfiles
			14.4.2	ASCII display page output files
			14.4.3	Waveform file
		14.5	Error messages
			14.5.1	Warnings
			14.5.2	Errors
			14.5.3	Fatal errors

	15	irun - application loader
		15.1	The purpose of irun
			15.1.1	Initializing target hardware
			15.1.2	Loading programs
			15.1.3	Access to host services
		15.2	Starting an application
			15.2.1	Target interface parameters
			15.2.2	The irun command line
			15.2.3	Starting using Microsoft Windows
		15.3	The environment
			15.3.1	ISEARCH
			15.3.2	ASERVDB
			15.3.3	TRANSPUTER
			15.3.4	Setting target interface parameters on a Sun
			15.3.5	Setting target interface parameters on a PC with Windows
		15.4	Skip loaders
			15.4.1	Running the skip loader
			15.4.2	Examples of use

	16	iset - Windows parameter tool

Appendices

	A	Toolset conventions and defaults
		A.1	Command line syntax
			A.1.1	General conventions
			A.1.2	Indirect argument files
		A.2	Unsupported options
		A.3	Filenames
		A.4	Search paths
		A.5	Standard file extensions
			A.5.1	Main source and object files
			A.5.2	Indirect input files (script files)
			A.5.3	Files read by the memory map tool imap
			A.5.4	Other output files
			A.5.5	Miscellaneous files
		A.6	Extensions required for imakef
		A.7	Message handling
			A.7.1	Message format
			A.7.2	Severities
			A.7.3	Runtime errors

	B	Processor types and classes
		B.1	Processor types supported by the toolset
		B.2	Processor types and classes
			B.2.1	Single processor type
			B.2.2	Creating a program which can run on a range of processors
			B.2.3	Linking files which contain code compiled for different targets
			B.2.4	Classes/instruction sets - additional information
		B.3	Processor type command line options

	C	ANSI C compiler optimization examples
		C.1	Local optimization examples
			C.1.1	Peephole optimization
			C.1.2	Flowgraph optimizations
			C.1.3	Redundant store elimination
		C.2	Global optimization examples
			C.2.1	Common subexpression elimination
			C.2.2	Loop-invariant code optimization
			C.2.3	Global optimization example
			C.2.4	Strength reduction
			C.2.5	Tail-call and tail recursion optimization
			C.2.6	Workspace allocation by coloring

	D	Using the assembler
		D.1	Introduction
		D.2	Running the assembler
			D.2.1	Specifying the source filename
			D.2.2	Use of icc command options with the assembler
			D.2.3	Using the preprocessor with the assembler
		D.3	Language
			D.3.1	Label definitions
			D.3.2	Symbols
			D.3.3	Expressions
			D.3.4	Transputer instruction mnemonics
			D.3.5	Comments
		D.4	Assembler directives
				align
				blkb
				blkw
				byte
				comment
				common
				data
				debug
				defsym
				descriptor
				extern
				global
				init
				language
				local
				maininit
				map1 map2 map3
				patch
				patch - codefix
				patch - datafix
				patch - extoffset
				patch - limit
				patch - modnumber
				patch - staticfix
				size
				sourcefile
				textname
				toolname
				word
		D.5	BNF grammar for assembler language
		D.6	Errors
			D.6.1	Fatal Errors
			D.6.2	Serious Errors
			D.6.3	Errors

	E	Memory interface configuration files
		E.1	Structure of memfiles
			E.1.1	Processor type
			E.1.2	DRAM refresh parameters definition
			E.1.3	Global parameters
			E.1.4	Bank definitions
			E.1.5	Strobe definitions
		E.2	Memfile statements
			E.2.1	Timing parameters
			E.2.2	Statement definitions
		E.3	Example file

	F	ANSI C configuration language
		F.1	Introduction
		F.2	Statements
		F.3	Comments
		F.4	Identifiers
			F.4.1	Character set
		F.5	Types
		F.6	Constants
		F.7	Booleans
		F.8	Expressions and arithmetic
		F.9	Arrays
		F.10	Conditional statement
		F.11	Replication
		F.12	Built-in functions
		F.13	Nodes
			F.13.1	Node attributes
			F.13.2	Defining new node types
			F.13.3	Connections
			F.13.4	Prohibited connections
		F.14	Configuration language summary
			F.14.1	Network data types
			F.14.2	Numeric data types
			F.14.3	Language constructs
			F.14.4	Definitions and declarations
			F.14.5	Operators
			F.14.6	Predefinitions
			F.14.7	Built-in functions
		F.15	Configurer directives
			F.15.1	#include
			F.15.2	Configurer directives summary
		F.16	Configuration language syntax
			F.16.1	Notation
			F.16.2	Configuration
			F.16.3	Language features
			F.16.4	Expressions
			F.16.5	Replication and conditionals
			F.16.6	Numeric value declarations
			F.16.7	Network declarations
			F.16.8	Mapping declarations
		F.17	Implementation details
		F.18	Reserved words
			F.18.1	Keywords
			F.18.2	Pre-defined attributes
		F.19	Predefinitions
			F.19.1	Constants
		F.20	Types
		F.21	Declarations

	G	occam configuration language
		G.1	Notation
		G.2	Introduction
		G.3	New types and specifications
			G.3.1	Syntax of configuration description
		G.4	Hardware description
			G.4.1	Processor attributes
			G.4.2	Syntax definition
		G.5	Software description
			G.5.1	Syntax definition
		G.6	Mapping structure
			G.6.1	Syntax definition
		G.7	Constraints
		G.8	Checking IF statements

	H	AServer database
		H.1	Target hardware connection fields

	I	ITERM files
		I.1	Introduction
		I.2	The structure of an ITERM file
		I.3	The host definitions
			I.3.1	ITERM version
			I.3.2	Screen size
		I.4	The screen definitions
			I.4.1	Goto X Y processing
		I.5	The keyboard definitions
		I.6	Setting up the ITERM environment variable
		I.7	Iterms supplied with a toolset
		I.8	An example ITERM

	Index

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Last modification: 11/27/2020 6:06:04 PM